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By the early 1800's, most large American cities had public gaslight until electric lighting took its place in the later part of the century. Early electricity, however, was undependable and lighting fixtures that could use both gas and electric became popular, although short-lived.
In general, whether a vintage fixture was "born" electric or
gas, is generally determined by which direction the shades face, either
up or down. Shades that face upwards were made to accommodate gas jets and are
generally larger, usually with 4" fitters.
Shades which face downwards were made for electric light bulbs and have smaller 21/4" fitters.
They are
often referred to as tulip shades.
21/4" tulip shades are the most versatile of all glass shades.
They originally debuted in the earliest of electric lighting fixtures to
reduce the glare and are
still today used on sconces, desk lamps, pan lamps and other hanging lamps. Although there are exceptions, it is a good rule of thumb to go by.
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